The construction of a power system with new energy as the main body is a major decision made by the CPC Central Committee based on strengthening the construction of ecological civilization, ensuring national energy security and achieving sustainable development, and has important guiding significance for the transformation and development of energy and power in China. However, the construction of the power system will bring about major changes in the power supply structure, load characteristics, power grid form, technical basis and operation characteristics of the traditional power system, and this major change will also bring new risks and challenges to the safe and stable control of the operation of the power system and the emergency management of safe production. Therefore, it is necessary to enhance the deep understanding of the essential characteristics of the power system, to understand and control the new risks brought about by the upgrading of the power system and the new challenges faced by safety production with a scientific and realistic attitude, and to scientifically build a safety production emergency management system in line with the characteristics of the power system, so as to escort the construction and safe and stable operation of the power system.
1. The construction of the power system faces new risks and challenges
The power system is driven by digitalization, with a high proportion of new energy, a high proportion of power electronic devices, low moment of inertia, and a strong randomness of the power system, and the source-grid-load-storage system forms an organic whole through power flow and information flow, and interacts with other energy systems in energy and digital.
(1) The power system has achieved leapfrog upgrading in the type of access power supply, and new energy will gradually become the main body of installed capacity and electricity. The access of a large number of wind power, photovoltaic and distributed power sources will make the intermittency and volatility of power output aggravated, and the changeable and random nature of power grid power flow will increase the difficulty of power grid peak regulation, frequency regulation, and voltage control, which will affect the power quality and increase the potential risk of stable operation of the power grid (for example, the injection of harmonic current will cause voltage distortion, and will also bring the risk of relay protection and automatic device malfunction); At the same time, the doubling of the installed scale of power supply and the diversification of layout, as well as the high proportion of power electronic devices, also bring new and complex challenges to the stable control of the power system.
(2) The power system presents a pattern dominated by large power grids and the compatible coexistence of multiple power grid forms. The continuous expansion of the scale of the power grid, the active distribution network, and the rapid development of microgrids, distributed power systems, grid-side energy storage and local DC power grids will further highlight the supporting role of the hub platform of the large power grid, which puts forward higher requirements for the intelligence and digitalization of power grid perception and decision-making, and further blurs the boundaries of the main distribution network; The application of new electronic technologies will put forward more risks and tests for the optimal allocation of the new energy system and the stability of the power system in the future. (For example, fluctuations in temperature, light intensity, wind speed, and large-scale wind turbine retreats will have a great impact on the transient stability of local power grids.)
(3) A large number of "prosumers" integrating power generation and electricity consumption have emerged. The addition of a large number of multi-load forms such as microgrids, virtual power plants, electric vehicles, and energy storage units has increased the diversity and uncertainty of power loads, which has put forward higher requirements for grid-load interaction and the security of power supply.
(4) The operating mechanism and balance mode of the system will undergo profound changes. The technical basis, control basis and operation mechanism of the power system will undergo profound changes, and the balance mode will gradually change from the real-time balance of the source with the load to the non-real-time balance of the coordination and interaction of the source, the grid, the load and the storage, which will bring great risks and challenges to the stable control of the power system. In addition, the growth of energy storage scale and the emergence and application of new energy storage technologies have accelerated the diversified development of energy storage in the power system, and also exacerbated the risk of energy storage safety and equipment fire safety. There is an increasing demand for power station planning and power system regulation and balance capabilities, including energy storage power sources and regulated power sources such as thermal power, hydropower, gas power, and pumped storage.
2. Build a power system security defense system
Building a power system is a challenging and pioneering strategic project, and the safe and reliable supply of electricity must always be placed in an important position. It is necessary to strictly abide by the bottom line of the safe operation of the large power grid, effectively prevent and resolve all kinds of risks, adhere to reform and innovation, and build a safe and reliable power system security defense system.
(1) Adhere to "safety" and "stability", and realize the coordination of various power grid forms and large power grids. Optimize and improve the planning theory, construction standards and management system of distribution network, and better realize the coordination between new forms of power grids such as microgrids, active distribution networks, and local DC power grids and large power grids; Make full use of digital technology to empower the power grid, promote the integrated development of power grid facilities and digital infrastructure, improve the holographic perception and flexible control capabilities of the power grid, realize the observable, measurable and controllable all elements of the source, grid, load and storage, and the power system has a strong structure, reasonable scale, safety and control, and enhance the resilience and self-healing ability of the system.
(2) Build a system for the safe operation and protection of the power system. Master the operation rules and safety and stability characteristics of power grids and multi-energy systems after large-scale new energy and power electronic equipment are connected, and realize coordinated control based on the active response of source, grid, load and storage; Construct an online analysis and decision-making system based on multi-source operation data; Understand the mechanism and form of future power system failures, and build a protection and defense system; Establish a basic theoretical system and analysis methodology system for unconventional safety risk assessment of power system; Breakthrough in the technology of purified chip protection and control equipment, and the development of relay protection devices based on sensor communication technology; Realize state awareness, automatic operation and maintenance, and intelligent online monitoring and analysis of protection and control devices; Establish an automatic test platform for substation protection control system. Research the power system operation control system, strengthen the technical research on system safety operation control, distributed and microgrid coordinated control, optimize the operation and management mode, build the power system safety operation and protection system, and realize the overall system considerable, judgmental, and controllable.
(3) Strengthen the key technology research on the safety and stability of the power system. Accelerate the coordinated development of source, grid, load and storage, the optimization of the new energy system, the observable, measurable and controllable capacity of the power system, intelligent dispatching operation, multi-energy complementary operation, terminal interactive regulation, UHV and flexible transmission technology and other key technologies, so as to build a solid technical foundation and scientific and technological support for the safety and stability of the power system. Improve the understanding of the nature and operation characteristics of the double-high power system of "high proportion of new energy and high proportion of power electronic equipment", strive to improve the system regulation capacity, consolidate and improve the "three lines of defense" of power system safety and stability, and prevent and resolve major safety risks.
(4) Vigorously strengthen the construction of the power system safety management system, and improve the digital, informational, intelligent and intelligent level of safety production management. Firmly establish the concept of safe development, thoroughly implement the "Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on the Reform and Development of the Field of Work Safety", the new "Work Safety Law" and other laws and regulations, establish and improve the responsibility system for safety production for all employees, build a dual prevention system of safety risk classification control and hidden danger investigation and management under the power system, carry out the standardization of safety production, improve the risk prevention and resolution mechanism, improve the level of safety production management, and safe production.
(5) Accelerate the transformation and upgrading of existing equipment, and accelerate the construction of power system and equipment information management system. To strengthen equipment operation monitoring and hidden danger investigation, we should focus on accelerating the research and practice of power system risk identification and control, promote the development of power system hazard identification and risk management practice, promote the construction of safety risk information management and control platform, and promote the realization of full coverage of operation plans, personnel access, safety supervision, on-site visibility, risk management and control, and early warning perception.
(6) Strengthen the emergency management of production safety and improve the ability to deal with emergencies. First, it is necessary to be prepared for danger in times of peace, take precautions, adhere to the principle of prevention first, scientifically promote the construction of emergency planning, emergency organization, emergency system and emergency team system of power enterprises, strengthen the reserve of emergency materials and emergency equipment, scientifically build a modern emergency management system for power generation enterprises and power grid enterprises, and continue to improve the ability to respond to power emergencies in terms of institutional support, emergency preparedness, monitoring and early warning, emergency rescue and recovery and reconstruction, and strengthen the emergency capacity building of new business forms. Second, it is necessary to strengthen the fire safety management of electrical equipment. It is necessary to build and improve the fire management of electrical equipment in new energy enterprises, strengthen the fire risk monitoring and monitoring of wind power generation, photovoltaic power generation, solar thermal power stations, chemical energy storage equipment, charging devices and other equipment, increase the investigation and management of fire safety hazards, vigorously improve the "four capabilities" of fire safety, and build a fire emergency system that is compatible with the characteristics of new energy equipment. Third, it is necessary to promote the construction of an emergency plan system for the power system. It is necessary to increase the study and research of the internal laws of the safe and stable operation of the power system, vigorously strengthen the construction of the emergency plan system based on the scene, improve the intelligent level of the emergency plan, and organize training and drill activities to improve the emergency response ability and emergency response level of employees to large-scale power outages, large-scale new energy off-grid, network security incidents and other emergencies, especially the ability to deal with large-scale power outages in advance of friendly interaction between source, grid, load and storage. Improve employees' emergency awareness and self-rescue and mutual rescue capabilities, comprehensively improve emergency response capabilities, and provide a reliable line of defense for the safe operation of the power system.
In short, the construction of a power system with new energy as the main body is an important measure to ensure national energy security, and the power grid security under the background of "double carbon" requires both innovative and cutting-edge technologies and innovative management concepts. It is an inevitable requirement for energy security and national security to improve the level of system safety production and emergency response capabilities, build a scientific and perfect power system governance system and improve the power system governance capacity.
Editor in charge: Yu Tongtong
Source: China Power News Network
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